Wittig & Horner-Emmons Reaction

Wittig and Horner-Emmons reactions are useful reactions which react with aldehydes and ketones to form carbon-carbon double bonds and are frequently utilized in organic syntheses.1)
Recently, syntheses of α,β-unsaturated esters have increasingly been performed using Wittig and Horner-Emmons reagents. In Horner-Emmons reactions, carbon-carbon double bonds generally lead to the E-form. Attempts to selectively obtain Z-form are being investigated and reaction solvents, temperatures, and new Horner-Emmons reagents are being examined.2)

Ando has developed ethyl (diaryl)phosphonoacetate and found a method for the synthesis of selective Z-α,β-unsaturated ester.3) This method has received much attention as it utilizes quaternary ammonium hydroxide. The reaction is stable toward water and does not require special reactive technique. The reaction has an exceedingly high selectivity for Z-α,β-unsaturated ester.

Wittig Reaction

Horner-Emmons Reaction

Wittig Reaction

D2164 D2164 N0700 N0700 D2907 D2907
C1759 C1759 T1498 T1498 N0701 N0701
A1439 A1439 C1739 C1739 F0331 F0331
M0828 M0828 T2001 T2001 T1958 T1958
D1655 D1655 D2056 D2056 T1458 T1458
T2002 T2002 D1654 D1654 B1208 B1208
C1061 C1061 E0421 E0421 A1305 A1305
A1007 A1007 A1012 A1012 A0862 A0862
B2025 B2025 B0824 B0824 B1206 B1206
B0970 B0970 C1009 C1009 C1286 C1286
C1378 C1378 E0407 E0407 T1944 T1944
E0382 E0382 E0549 E0549 H0540 H0540
M1326 M1326 T1363 T1363 M0779 M0779
M0253 M0253 H0545 H0545 P1200 P1200
T1506 T1506 P1438 P1438 T1644 T1644
D2164 (1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
N0700 (1-Naphthylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium Chloride
D2907 (2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium Chloride
C1759 (2-Chlorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium Chloride
T1498 (3-Trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl)triphenylphosphonium Bromide
N0701 (4-Nitrobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium Bromide
A1439 (Acetylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane
C1739 (Cyanomethyl)triphenylphosphonium Chloride
F0331 (Formylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium Chloride
M0828 (Methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium Chloride
T2001 (Triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetaldehyde
T1958 (Triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetonitrile
D1655 2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl)ethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
D2056 2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)ethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
T1458 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride
T2002 2-(Triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetophenone
D1654 2-Dimethylaminoethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
B1208 3-Bromopropyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
C1061 4-(Carboxybutyl)triphenylphosphonium Bromide
E0421 4-Ethoxybenzyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
A1305 Acetonyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride
A1007 Allyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
A1012 Allyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride
A0862 Amyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
B2025 Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
B0824 Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride
B1206 Bromomethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
B0970 Butyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
C1009 Chloromethyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride
C1286 Cinnamyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
C1378 Cyclopropyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
E0407 Ethoxycarbonylmethyl(triphenyl)phosphonium Bromide
T1944 Ethyl (Triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate
E0382 Ethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
E0549 Ethyltriphenylphosphonium Iodide
H0540 Hexyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
M1326 Methoxycarbonylmethyl(triphenyl)phosphonium Bromide
T1363 Methyl (Triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate
M0779 Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
M0253 Methyltriphenylphosphonium Iodide
H0545 n-Heptyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
P1200 n-Propyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
T1506 n-Tetradecyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide
P1438 Triphenylpropargylphosphonium Bromide
T1644 Triphenylvinylphosphonium Bromide

Horner-Emmons Reaction

F0340 F0340 H0779 H0779 B1923 B1923
B1795 B1795 B1714 B1714 C1430 C1430
C1595 C1595 D3688 D3688 D3689 D3689
D3336 D3336 M1208 M1208 D3708 D3708
P1193 P1193 P1258 P1258 D2423 D2423
B1781 B1781 O0208 O0208 D3709 D3709
D2548 D2548 D1523 D1523 D2547 D2547
M1210 M1210 D2873 D2873 D2445 D2445
T1582 T1582 D1524 D1524 P1265 P1265
F0340 2-Fluoro-2-phosphonoacetic Acid Triethyl Ester
H0779 2-Hydroxyethylphosphonic Acid Dimethyl Ester
B1923 4,4'-Bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)biphenyl
B1795 Benzylphosphonic Acid Diethyl Ester
B1714 Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (Methoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate
C1430 Cyanomethylphosphonic Acid Diethyl Ester
C1595 Diethyl (3-Chlorobenzyl)phosphonate
D3688 Diethyl (4-Bromobenzyl)phosphonate
D3689 Diethyl (4-Iodobenzyl)phosphonate
D3336 Diethyl (4-Methylbenzyl)phosphonate
M1208 Diethyl (Methylthiomethyl)phosphonate
D3708 Diethyl (N-Methoxy-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphonate
P1193 Diethyl (Phthalimidomethyl)phosphonate
P1258 Diethyl 1-Pyrrolidinemethylphosphonate
D2423 Diethyl 2,2-Diethoxyethylphosphonate
B1781 Diethyl 2-Bromoethylphosphonate
O0208 Dimethyl (2-Oxopropyl)phosphonate
D3709 Diphenyl (N-Methoxy-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphonate
D2548 Ethyl Di-o-tolylphosphonoacetate [Horner-Emmons Reagent]
D1523 Ethyl Diethylphosphonoacetate
D2547 Ethyl Diphenylphosphonoacetate [Horner-Emmons Reagent]
M1210 Methoxymethyl(diphenyl)phosphine Oxide
D2873 Methyl Diethylphosphonoacetate
D2445 Methyl(diphenyl)phosphine Oxide
T1582 Tetraethyl p-Xylylenediphosphonate
D1524 Triethyl 3-Phosphonopropionate
P1265 Trimethyl Phosphonoacetate

Literature

1)H.-J. Altenbach, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 18, 940 (1979);
R. D. Little, G. W. Muller, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103, 2744 (1981);
C. Schmidt, N. H. Chishti, T. Breining, Synthesis, 1982, 391.
2)S. K. Tompson, C. H. Heathcock, J. Org. Chem., 55, 3386 (1990);
A. Redjal, J. Seyden-Penne, Tetrahedron Lett., 1974, 1733.
3)W. C. Still, C. Gennari, Tetrahedron Lett., 24, 4405 (1983).
4)K. Ando, Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 4105 (1995);
idem, J. Org. Chem., 62, 1934 (1997);
idem, Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokaishi (J. Synth. Org. Chem., Jpn.), 58, 869 (2000);
K. Ando, H. Ohno, T. Ibuka, J. Org. Chem., 65, 4745 (2000);
Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. JP Patent 10-265486 (1998).


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